Interpersonal Attraction Essays - Social Psychology,

Interpersonal Attraction Relationships with the individuals around us are key to ones social existence. Personal accounts by people who have been isolated from the outside world serve as a reminder of our dependence on others. What draws us into these relationships? Studies of interpersonal attraction have concluded that people are attracted mostly to those that they find physically attractive and who are geographically close. The first step to understanding why we are attracted to certain individuals we must first understand an individuals person perception or the process of forming impressions of others. First impressions often help us to determine whether we are attracted to another individual. Our first impressions of an individual has a great impact on our perception of that person, even though we encounter that person for only a brief period of time. When we perceive a person we account for both the positive and negative characteristics of that individual. Although most people seem to be interested in another individuals positive characteristics, the negative information is usually weighed so heavily that it overrules all the positive information about that person. What makes another person attractive? Researchers have identified five factors that are important in determining whether we are likely to find another person attractive. These factors are physical attractiveness, proximity, competence, mutual attraction or liking, similarity or complementarity of interest and beliefs. Physical attractiveness is the most important factor in the early stages of relationships. In general, people are more likely to interact with people who they find physically attractive. As Krebs and Adinolfi once stated there is a growing body of evidence which shows that the average person drastically underestimates the influence of physical attractiveness. Although this factor is highly important in affecting the initial attraction, it tends to diminish over time. Physical closeness or proximity is another important factor in interpersonal attraction. Obviously, in order to meet, two people must share close proximity. The sharing of this space will help you to get to know a person better. In some cases becoming more familiar with an individual can lead to a dislike of that individual. More often, though, getting to know someone leads to a deeper relationship with that individual. . The third factor of interpersonal attraction is competence. People tend to be attracted to individuals with the same qualities that they possess, such as intelligence, strength, social skill, education, and athleticism. People who appear too competent may suffer a loss of attractiveness, because the individuals around them feel inferior when near them. Attraction is defined as a force that draws people together. Often times one individual's attraction of another will lead to a liking in return. One possible reason for this is that liking someone actually makes you more physically attractive. Many times a person will improve on their physical appearance to get others to notice. For example, when one wears more fashionable clothing. Another reason that ones attraction leads to mutual attraction is that you tend to be nicer to the people that you like, which in return makes you more attractive to them. We are most attracted to and become more involved with individuals that share similar backgrounds, educational levels, beliefs, values. But what about the theory that opposites attract? The principle of complementarity states that people are attracted to others whose traits or characteristics supplement or contrast their own. This is illustrated by the belief that outgoing individuals are attracted to individuals who are shy and reserved. Statistics show that individuals in long-term relationships prefer to associate with other people who are similar to them. Application of interpersonal attraction do not deal just with the search for love, but stem into the work environment and the classroom . Many researchers used personality test to find suitable college roommates. Also, studies have concluded that students tend to have higher grades if they relate well with the teacher. In conclusion, people tend to be attracted to individuals who are physically attractive, physically accessible and socially available; and similar in terms of purposes, backgrounds, beliefs, and needs. However , interpersonal attraction is not the only factor that effects the building of a strong and health relationship. A good relationship requires communication and the ability to adapt to one another Psychology Essays

Beowulf charecterization essays

Beowulf charecterization essays 1. In a peaceful Kingdome by the name of the Danish Kingdome, something stirs and it is not nice. That thing is Grendal and he is one bad monster, people say that he is a descendant from Cain and the symbol for evil; Cain was the first person to ever murder his own brother which automatically made Grendal against god. To start the story off in the right direction Grendal starts in his underground cave asleep Grendal is awaken by Danish warriors singing drunk like. Since Grendal is the epitome of evil he gets enraged at all, the joyous singing woke up, rushed towards the castle burst open the doors, and mutilated about thirty of the kings knights. He then fled back to his foggy layer where he went back to his peaceful yet eerie sleep. 2. Although Grendal is the most evil thing out there, there are much more devious kind of monster out there. In this story Grendals mother is the culprit and flaunts it. Her reputation is one you would not want her to show you. She is one big monster, ugly, and viscous. She is known to kill anyone and any thing that so much as touches the water in the lake even the animals wont drink out of the water they would rather die. Who would blame them grendals mother would kill them six times before they would hit the ground. 3. Beowulf goes back home after the defeat of both monster and vows the king that he will go back if trouble returns. A few years pass and Beowulf is back in his own kingdom and is the king, due to the loss of his old king higlac. Someone has stolen a golden relic from a nearby cave where a humongous fire-breathing dragon lived. The dragon was so outraged that it started so many fires that it looked like the whole Kingdome was the devils layer. By this time Beowulf had, had enough and set course towards the dragons home and take revenge. Beowulf was not what he used to be back when he fought the grendals he is a lot weaker and has aged alot. When Beowu...

Progressive era through the great depression Assignment

Progressive era through the great depression - Assignment Example Another major turning point was the Depression and the Unemployment that occurred in the late 1920’s after the Great Depression; this period was characterized by extreme economic crises and high rates of unemployment. At this time several factories were shut down and many workers were laid off. Discussion 2 The two historical turning points discussed above led to several economic, social and political facets whose effects are still faced by the current American Society. To begin with, the rise of the social movements specifically the Labor Movements that were propagated by the Muckrakers who exposed the Corruption, poor working conditions and lack of respect to human rights that were experienced at working places. In this respect, various groups of activist were forced to take several actions geared to towards opposing the poor working conditions and the corruption at the work places. ... ded with proper remunerations and proper working conditions; such labor laws are currently still practiced to promote proper working conditions and promote proper employee-employer relationships. The Second pertinent turning point in the history of the American Society in the progressive era through the Great depression was the unemployment and the depression that led to an extreme economic crises featured by closing of factories, over-production and high levels of unemployment. This also occurred in the early to the late 1920’s; the crash of the stock market in 1929 in the USA which caused a drastic reduction in economic growth of the nation; workers and farmers were also faced with conditions of low income. Several organizations such as the Robert La Follett’s and the Wisconsin made various attempts to formulate strategies to enable the society to enable the society to cope up with the deteriorating economy; however, their efforts were fruitless (Wisconsin University 2008). In the Mid 1930’s the then United States’ President Roosevelt formulated the New Deal policy and the unemployment bill that was developed by the Harold Groves as an economic model succeeded in improving the economic status. These models together with the current economic models have facilitated the relative stability in the current economic status in the American Society. Discussion 3 The late 1980’s through the 1920’s saw the rise of several women empowerment movements and social groups for instance: The Women Suffrage Movement, Women and Peace Movement, Legacy of Women in the Progressive and the Status of Women. All these groups were focused towards empowering women; the American Society during the progressive era was characterized by the perception that women were the Moral Guardian

Efficacy of Personal and Professional Communication Research Paper

Efficacy of Personal and Professional Communication - Research Paper Example Yet, application of its principles seems neglected in actual clinical set-ups. Although the efficacy of health care communications is disregarded by some, interpersonal and professional communication patterns play primary roles in enhancing quality services, connecting communication gaps, and preventing clinical practice errors. Interpersonal Health Communication Interpersonal communication functions as one of the main areas that need close scrutiny. In clinical settings, interpersonal contact means â€Å"provider-client communication,† which serves as the primary source of association (Schiavo, 2007). Accordingly, clients place their full trust on their clinical providers, in return, the medical staffs do their best to assure their clients’ condition--clients fully depend on health providers for support and treatment. Initially, clients seek health-related advice regarding their health status, establishing interpersonal contact between clients and health providers. In the process of medical consultation, health providers are accountable in exhibiting intellectual and psychological skills in handling their clients (Hubble, Trowbridge, Hubbard, Ahsens, & Ward-Smith, 2008). Part of basic function is forming personal relationship with clients during preliminary inquiry on physiological and psychological disposition. As this is a delicate matter, competent communication techniques must be exhibited by providers--draw out accurate and reliable information as chief basis for further management and treatment. In the assurance of therapeutic interpersonal communication, this augment client awareness and comprehension with suggested care plan, while being time-effective during assessment and examination period (Gordon, 2002). Evidently, the performance of efficient interpersonal strategy in health communication assumes that clients get quality medical attention they seek, and health staff gets to perform their obligatory functions more proficiently. Profes sional Health Communication In another communication area, professional communication serves as important aspect in the care of clients. Schiavo (2007) illustrates this communication classification as involving health providers in a â€Å"peer-to-peer approach...to promote the adoption of best medical and health practice.† In this statement, the professional category in health care communications indirectly affects the clients in the pursuance of standardized medical practice. Through cooperative relationship, each member assumes individual and team responsibilities during decision-making and resolving client-related management issues (O’Daniel, & Rosenstein, n.d.). Team collaboration elevates the features of care provided, in all phases of health process. Their expert exchange of medical information and active participation in the care of clients is critical in achieving holistic health care services and positive health outcomes. Excellent professional communication s erves as best defense against medical errors and neglect (Smith, & Mishra, 2010). Above all else, the professional health team can uphold their oath to ensure patient welfare in every action they perform.

The Missing Lessons of U.S. History Essay Example for Free

The Missing Lessons of U.S. History Essay In order to examine options for integrating extralegal businesses and individuals into the legal property system, De Soto examines the history of the United States for clues on how this task was successfully accomplished in the past. He found that this integration was accomplished primarily through the adaptation of laws to suit the needs of the majority of the country’s people. De Soto begins his exploration of US history in the sixteenth century, when numerous Western Europeans settled in North America. These early colonists based their legal system on English property law, but these laws were not created to apply to the types of situations faced in the colonies and most of the colonists did not fully understand the minutiae of these laws. Because of this situation, many of the colonists functioned extralegally, with local courts following local customs (rather than British law) when settling disputes. These early settlers were often squatters, occupying land without a legal title. Politicians opposed this practice, and they ordered surveys of the land in order to establish rightful ownership. Their efforts did not work because there were no legal regulations to follow in case of dispute. The success of the squatters to integrate into the system can be seen in Vermont, where a group of squatters led by Ethan Allen actually got Vermont recognized as a state. The majority of squatters, however, found it difficult to integrate into the legal property system because British law did not relate to the way of life in the colonies. These squatters created their own property system, marking trees to indicate possession of a piece of land. They also developed means of settling disputes, transferring parcels of land, and establishing credit. Those in power believed that these practices were in direct violation of the law, and those that engaged in these practices should be prosecuted. These squatters became known for their hatred of the law and sometimes engaged in violence to circumvent official authorities. The situation began to change when authorities recognized that making improvements to the land, paying taxes on land, and making arrangements with neighbors could establish ownership. Squatters who engaged in these practices were allowed to purchase the land in question before it was made available to the general public, a practice known as pre-emption. Pre-emption benefited both the squatters (who could become the rightful owners) and the states (who gained revenue from the sale of the land). More obstacles arose in the nineteenth century when the US gained almost 900 million acres of land. Congress attempted to set prices for this public land but was generally not aware of the situation faced by settlers many miles away from the capital. As a result, much of this land was sold on the black market. During this time there were two legal systems in operation: the official, sanctioned laws and the laws that people lived with on a day-to-day basis. Following Green vs. Biddle, the perception of these squatters changed: politicians began seeing them as hard working pioneers improving the country. Congress gave official, national status to the practice of pre-emption, an important step in integrating the two legal systems in operation. Cooperation amongst extralegals, such as claims associations and miner’s organizations, gave them more political power and forced those in power to take their concerns seriously. De Soto argues that the integration of these two legal systems was an important contributing factor to the US’s economic success. Because the American legal system was built from the ground up, the concerns of the extralegals were taken seriously, and the laws addressed the problems this population faced. Chapter 6, â€Å"The Mystery of Legal Failure† Developing countries have tried for almost two centuries to get more people involved in the legal property system. Their efforts have failed for five reasons: belief that people remain extralegal for tax purposes, lack of proper recording of real estate assets, belief that creating the laws is the only answer, ignoring existing social contracts, and belief that these social contracts can be changed on a whim. De Soto and his team successfully set up practices in Peru to integrate extralegal businesses in to the legal property system. Based on his experiences in Peru and evidence from the history of Western government, De Soto developed a formula, termed the capitalization process, for the successful lifting the bell jar of capitalism. This formula has two components: meeting legal challenges and meeting political challenges. The primary legal challenge is the integration of numerous social contracts into one that all citizens of Third World and former communist countries can abide by. These governments must find out the intricacies of the rules their people live by on a daily basis. These extralegal regulations are often documented, a phenomenon that often goes unnoticed. The recognition of these existing social contracts will facilitate the move to a capitalist economy, but it is not enough. People moving from the extralegal sector to the legal sector also need means by which they can settle disputes, i. e. there needs to be documentation of ownership. Furthermore, many people believe that certain rights come along with property ownership – the right to use and exchange that property as they deem fit. If laws do not allow for the execution of these rights, they will not be followed, and people will move back to the extralegal sector because extralegal protocols are in line with prevailing social contracts. Most of these social contracts are solid enough to form the basis of official law. The process of discovering these existing social contracts is referred to by the author as following the barking dogs, a terminology acquired from his experiences in Indonesia. Additionally, the new laws must be created in such a way that people can transform their property into capital. The successful implementation of these new laws requires considerable political power and effort. The institution of these new laws is made more difficult by the fact that existing laws often protect those in power – they stand to lose out if more people are integrated into the system. Political leaders must listen to the poor of their country and get these people on their side because the support of this population is necessary to the implementation of legal property systems. These political leaders, armed with the support of the majority of the population and evidence of this population’s economic power, will be better equipped to gain the support of the country’s elite. The argument must be framed in such a way that the elite see that they have much to gain from the transformational process. In attempting to gain the support of the elite, political leaders can also stress the one important benefit of property system reform: reduced crime rate. Once the support of the poor and elite has been won, political leaders must address the lawyers and technicians. Lawyers in Third World and former communist countries have traditionally been trained to defend existing laws. De Soto contends that lawyers have the power to undermine capitalism’s success and must be re-educated to expand the reach of the law. They must also learn the economic consequences of their activities. The technicians must be capable of keeping accurate records of property. One major stumbling block that needs to be faced in this respect is that many people in Third World countries conceive of property as a physical asset. As such it is not dealt with by legal and economic departments. Any political leader looking to reform the property system must be an effective communicator because property system reform is an issue that effects every member of a country. Chapter 7, â€Å"By Way of Conclusion† Capitalism’s crisis outside of the West stems from the fact that most of the world’s population views capitalism as something restricted to the privileged elite. Reform efforts must be directed at educating people of developing countries that they have much to gain from participation in the legal property system and, by extension, capitalism. As the success of capitalism is contingent upon capital, developing nations must engage in reforms so that assets and potential are accurately represented. Current globalization efforts have focused on getting governments of developing countries to stabilize their currencies and develop the frameworks for international trade. However, these efforts have been based on the erroneous assumption that the governments’ policies already take into consideration the needs of its citizens. This trend perpetuates capitalism’s bell jar: the majority of the world’s population becomes more and more distanced from capitalism. It also leads to the confirmation of Karl Marx’s premonition: capitalism will fail because capital will ultimately be concentrated in the hands of a few elite. One result of capitalism’s bell jar is the continuation of class conflicts that should have ended with the Cold War. These class conflicts are not explained by theories of capitalism, rather they are best explained in Marxist terms. Marx emphasized the importance of property above and beyond its physicality. He grasped that non-physical characteristics of property had the potential to convert property to other, more useful, forms. Marxist theory, however, is not enough to understand the complexities of the issue. Marx did not understand the motivating power of property ownership, and he did not recognize that the property system itself has characteristics that give value to assets and allow them to be converted into capital. Detailed understanding of the property system will allow for progress in terms of development. Furthermore, a good property system allows people to conceive of abstract concepts (such as potential) in concrete terms. Without this capacity, people will continue to think about property and the global economic market in physical terms. Those opposed to capitalism have been quicker to recognize the intangible aspects of the property system than capitalists. For many of the anti-capitalists, their fear of capitalism stems from these intangible aspects. In reforming the property system, forms of written documentation must be simple, transparent, and easily comprehensible if capitalism is to be able to speak to the majority of the world’s population. De Soto examines the cultural contingency of capitalism and argues that the notion of property ownership is compatible with all major cultures, not just those with a prevalent Protestant work ethic. The main problem, therefore, is not with capitalism in theory: it is with the manner in which people try to institute capitalism. Successful implementation of capitalism would be simple and effective if governments would listen to the poor of their country, recognize that their poor citizens save money, see the necessity of legal property systems, accept the fact that violence is not a peripheral concern, see the poor as the solution to the violence, and communicate better with people to make the necessary legal changes.

Finding the Light in the Dark with Bipolar Disorder Essay example -- B

Finding the Light in the Dark with Bipolar Disorder Affecting nearly one percent of the population of the United States, bipolar disorder has quickly become one of the leading forms of mental illness (Spearing). While advancements in medical science and technology have allowed researchers and physicians to understand its elements more clearly, the effects of bipolar disorder are tragic and often deadly. Often the negative results occur due to a lack of proper diagnosis: some seventy-five percent of bipolar cases go untreated (Spearing). Through proper education and public awareness, this serious disease can be properly diagnosed, treated and possibly cured. Bipolar disorder, as defined by the Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, is a mood disorder that causes a person to suffer extreme emotional changes and shifts in mood. Previously known as manic-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder causes alternate periods of mania and depression. To fully understand the effects of this disease, it is important to comprehend the meanings of mania and depression. Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines mania as â€Å"excitement manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behavior, and elevation of mood.† Depression, on the other hand, is defined as â€Å"a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death.† (Merriam-Webster). The combination of the two results in emotional chaos. Of all psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder is the most common, affecting between one and two million Americans (Spearing). While it affects males and females equally, there are a few distinctions that can be made about those who do have it. Amongst men, early onset bipolar disorder is more frequent while there is higher rate of rapid cycling, mixed states, and cyclothymia in women (Wurztel 28-31). Also, according to one survey, an estimated 59% of bipolar patients experienced their first symptoms when they were children or adolescents (Harakas G2). Studies show that bipolar disorder occurs in 1% of all age groups (Bipolar Survivor). Evanston Northwestern Hospital claims, â€Å"There is some indication that the incidence of bipolar disorder may be increasing.† While it is important to understand that bipolar disorder is a disease separa... ...ith, Gwendolyn Puryear, Ellen McGrath, Nancy Felipe Russo and Bonnie R. Strickland, eds. Women and Depression: Risk Factors and Treatment Issues. Baltimore: Electronic Publishing Services, 1990. Lieblich, Julia. "Managing a Manic Depressive." Harvard Business Review .May-June (1994): 20-32. McAtee, Jane. Personal interview. 1 Nov. 2003. McCredie, Scott. â€Å"When a Child is Mentally Troubled: Warning Signs Help Parents Know When to Seek Help.† The Seattle Times. 2 Oct. 2002: A7. McManamy, John. McMan's Depression and Bipolar Web. 1 Oct. 2003. 2 Oct. 2003 . Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster Online: the Language Center. 1 Oct. 2003. 2 Oct. 2003 . Pendulum Resources. Bipolar Information. 23 Sep. 2003. 2 Oct. 2003 . Spearing, Melissa. Bipolar Disorder. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, 2003. Stuttaford, Dr. Thomas. â€Å"Mania That Inspired a Genius.† The Times. 29 May 2003, sec. Features, Health: 8 Wetzel, Mary C. "Strengths and Limits: Report by a Bipolar/Unipolar Self-Help Group." Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 14 #4 (Apr 91): 81-86 Wurztel, Elizabeth. Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994.

Study carefully the following extract from The Social Contract, and the painting The Lictors Returning to Brutus The Bodies of his Sons

Both Rousseau and David's philosophy have the same idea where David was influenced by Rousseau to a great extent. However, they have presented their ideas in different medium whereby one was on the written form whereas the other one was on the visual form. Therefore, this essay will prove their ideas in different ways which they are explored by Rousseau and David. Rousseau constructed the social contract was to solve the question of freedom, and his solution to this problem was the construction of the civil state. In other words, his idea was that living in the civil state was similar as signing a contract in which one agrees to obey the general will and not one's particular will. Rousseau wanted to show that man could live in the civil state and be free as in the state of nature. Through the grouping of citizens, each willing to surrender himself and live with others as a whole which required thinking rationally and act morally. Most importantly, by agreeing to the social contract, people gave up their physical freedom in state of nature and signing himself over to the civil state. Hence, this directed by the general will. In the first and second line of the extract, ‘a remarkable change in man' indicates that people would benefit in a change from the state of nature to civil state. He believed that in joining the civil state, people escape the slavery of appetite and fulfill themselves as human beings. Only ‘general will' makes people human. Our particular wills may want to pursue selfish ends with no regard for the people's interests. Hence, Rousseau believed that ‘general will' is a will that â€Å"it would be in each individual's best interest to think according to the general will and so escape brutish stupidity. (Blk 3, pp115). Therefore, votes must be cast to find a ‘general will'. This general will is the product of reason (Blk 3, pp122). Only then will the society benefit if citizen act according to reason and embrace the ‘general will'. Thus, in obeying the state, citizens will be obeying themselves because the ‘general will' should be what they desire. Therefore, the particular will should coincide with the will of the state because everyone wants the best. Another idea from Rousseau was â€Å"to be legimate, the authority the state has over the people must come from the people themselves† (Blk 3, pp97). In social contract, Rousseau is trying to defend a certain view about legimate authority. He argued that a state is only legimate if based on a contract between all its members, in which they give away their bad qualities in exchange for good qualities. Thus, he claimed that the goal of the government should be to secure freedom, equality, rights and justice for all within the state. Hence, he also claimed that we should abandon our inclinations and consult our reason and think as a member of the state. This had to adopt the general will. As such, people could relate Rousseau's political ideas with David's painting. It helped to ignite a passion amongst the French general public and change French politics. In Rousseau's social contract, the minorities of individuals who do not agree with the ‘general will' must not be ignored. When there is a conflict between the two, Rousseau expects that the citizen will rationalize and choose the ‘general will' over his ‘particular will'. To do otherwise would be ignoble and slavish to selfish appetite. This emphasizes duty to state over personal desires and it was this same belief which David, a painter of the Revolution subscribed to. In his painting, â€Å"The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of his sons†, David painted in such a way that the view of the spectator is at the same level and it is drawn in a horizontal space. The picture is organized into two different figure groups whereby the females are on the extreme right while the males are on the extreme left. Thus, the empty chair forms a barrier between the two halves of the painting. The group of female figures and a woman on the far right attract the attention in this picture. Their strong emotions show sadness and anxiety to grief at the sight of the corpses. The tallest woman gives a point of interest that she is turning towards her dead sons and one of her hands supports her two daughters while the other hand hopes to rush towards her dead sons. However, her two daughters could not accept the truth that the death of their family members as one was fainted and the other one used her two hands to hide her eyes. Next to them is a female who is seated at one corner as she is deeply depressed of this scene. On the left, Brutus sits impassively in the shadow of the goddess Roma and his right arm signals the lictors to bring the corpses in. He turned his back and refused to look at his dead sons. His tightly clenched toes and muscles on his arms show how tense he is. His other hand held a letter tightly. Thus, the content of the letter has something to do with his sons as they planned a plot to overthrow Brutus. Thus, David has chosen a part of history and he has painted at that moment that Brutus sacrificed his sons for the sake of politics. Hence, he has portrayed the conflicts between political duty and family allegiances. The painting became politically significant because the content reflected the Roman republican virtues and promoted the ideas of moralizing France. This painting leads our eyes along perspective lines and into the depths of the room which was blocked half-way on this picture. The column nearest to the viewer, the dark doorway and the walls on the left and the curtain screen on the right block the view of what lies behind the painting, making us focus on the action of the figures which was closer to us. Thus, it also creates a greater depth in the dark brickwork beyond a second row of columns. The colours and features of the lictors who are first to enter the room are darker then those behind them. Hence, this gives a further sense of pictorial space and takes the viewer deeper into the picture creating depth. The red cushion to the left closer to us adds to another dimensional space. Thus, the different proportions of the chairs and table add more space and depth to the picture. Light is bright and has poured into the scene with different angles. This makes the spotlight effect on the female figures which captures our attention. Bright lights also fall on the columns and empty chair, on the feet of Brutus and on the legs of the body on the second litter. It is also more evident from the shadow of the man on the left, the shadow of female group on the cloth and flooring and one of the lictor's shadows is cast on the column. We could conclude that the light is coming from the doorway from the left. These also seem to be lit in their outlines and add to the three-dimensional effect. In his painting, David chose bright colours such as red and orange costumes for the females, table cloth and empty chair. On the other hand, he also chose dark neutral colours to create a somber mood. There is a broad tonal range in it as a whole, from very bright to very dark and this creates dramatic contrasts. The figures are clearly defined and certain colours are repeated and balanced as reflected in this painting. Like David's painting, Rousseau's ideas are also very clear and well-defined. The brushwork is well-defined and shows clear facial expressions. The expressions on the female figures clearly showed their emotion reactions whereas Brutus is left alone. Brutus and his sons had different views as his sons supported the monarchy instead of him. Thus, it symbolizes that from the left are 'emotions' and from the right are ‘reasons'. Therefore, David introduces the themes of the triumph and role of reason. When looking at David's painting, it could not separate from Rousseau's ideas. As I have mentioned earlier, one must surrender himself and live with others as a whole which required thinking rationally and act morally. In other words, we should bring across the moral values that people should be noble and not possess those bad qualities that has mentioned in the extract. Last but not least, the similarity between Rousseau and David is their ideas involved human reasons and attitudes. Hence, it also grasps an emotional and passionate side of man in both painting and extract. These two medium symbolizes both political and historical context. Thus, David's Neoclassical art extolled civic virtues and emphasized morality, Rousseau was willing to sanction death as a punishment allowing for the achievement of his civil state and David's painting serves as propaganda to reflect his ideology in his painting.