Global Warming or the Next Ice Age? Essay

It would be safe to assume that climate change is going to be around for a long time and have an enormous impact on the lives of many people. Humans have had a huge impact on the environment for many years and can be linked to one the main factors of global warming. Global warming is a topic that has received much attention in recent years; yet our climate change is not a recent problem. If the U.S. Continues to ignore climate change then the effect on the environment will affect humans. Despite what many might think, climate change is well known across hundreds of nations all over the world. My thesis is the Greenland ice cap is both shrinking and expanding, and climate change can be linked to both trends. The effect humans have had on the environment can be linked to the shrinking and expanding of the Greenland ice cap. In the book â€Å"The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change† it is discussed how greenhouse gasses have been increasing in the atmosphere for the last two centuries or so, primarily as a result of human activity. (Dessler and Parson 88). In addition, climate change will most likely affect populations through impacts on the necessities and comforts of life such as water, energy, housing, transportation, food, natural ecosystems, and health systems. Rural communities tend to be more dependent on climate-sensitive livelihood activities and have fewer resources and social support systems compared to urban populations (Alig 73). The growth of our population has increased our use of fuel, land, and manufacturing. All of these are increasing emissions into our atmosphere that increases global warming. The concern about climate change has been an issue for decades. There’s no specific date as such. The climate-change debate, like all policy debates, is fundamentally an argument over action. An action needs to be taken soon on how to respond to climate change. Listen to the debate and you will hear many different kinds of arguments – about whether and how the climate is changing, whether human activities are responsible, how much of the change occurring might be natural, how the climate might change in the future, what the effects of the changes will be and whether they matter, and the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of various responses. Although these arguments are distinct, when advanced in policy debate they all serve to make a case for what we should or should not do (Dessler and Parson 31). Scientists had long been aware of the consequences of global warming and had been urging governments to take action for many years. As far back as the 1950’s there was pressure being put on governments to take action but very little was done. The one event that put the issue of global warming firmly on the political agenda was the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, this was attended by presidents, prime-ministers and heads of state from around the world. It wasn’t the first Earth Summit but it was the one where global warming was addressed and led to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Following inception the UNFCCC has met regularly in what is known as the Conference of Parties (COP) and it was at the 3rd COP that the Kyoto Protocol was adopted. If the U.S continues to ignore climate change the Greenland ice cap will continue to shrink and expand . In the opening decades of the 20th century, real estate hucksters, railroad tycoons and even government agencies persuaded thousands of dirt-poor farmers to come to the dry and windy center of the Great Plains, plow up millions of acres of ancient grasslands and plant wheat. There were several reasons this was a bad idea, but for a couple of unusually wet decades, bumper crops were the norm. Then, in the 1930s, inevitable drought returned. The land dried up and, quite literally, blew away in enormous black clouds that killed crops, livestock, children, old people and dreams which is also known as the Dust Bowl. It was the worst man-made environmental disaster in American history. Now, as we grow more aware that we face the worst man-made environmental disaster in the history of the world, we are proving to be no more wise than the imprudent farmers who tore up the buffalo grass (Landon-Lane 11). The United States is a case in point. Some of the best climate scientists in the world are Americans. So are some of the most eloquent and influential advocates for a global compact. Moreover, global compacts are an American specialty. At pivotal moments in the twentieth century, U.S. presidents were the chief architects, master-builders, and principal funders of international institutions— notably, the UN itself— that constitute a rule-based world order and have promoted the prosperity and security now threatened by climate change. Yet in the face of that threat, all four of America’s most recent presidents—including, up until now, its current one— have, for one reason or another, been unable to rise fully to the challenge (Antholis and Talbott 24) Global warming is a very difficult problem to fix. People are having a hard time agreeing on what to do about it. For example, everyone agrees that wasting energy is a bad thing to do. But some people think that the federal government should make laws about it, while other people think it should be up to each person or business to decide what to do. In conclusion, the process may not stop entirely, but we can try to keep the climate from reaching a point that we can’t stop it. If everyone in the world stop polluting and begin keeping their environment clean it would help. Global warming may not be stopped but it can be reduced.

Bartolomeu Dias Biography Essay

Why on earth would a person sail around the southernmost tip of Africa without modern sailing technology such as GPS? Bartolomeu Dias was such a person to accomplish his great voyage around the Cape of Good Hope. He was born in Portugal around 1450 and was a Portuguese navigator and explorer and was known as the first European who sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa and reached the Cape of Good Hope. Bartolomeu Dias’ achievement had ultimately led to expansion of trade routes and the foundation Portuguese Empire. He came from a Portuguese noble family and his father was a member of a Portuguese court (Alchin). When he grew up, he also became a member of the royal Portuguese court like his father. Some people believed that his descendants were seamen and explorers. When Bartolomeu Dias was young, he could receive high-level education compared to other ordinary people. He also leant many languages, physics, geometry, mathematics, and astronomy. The privileged childhood that he led, such as environment that he was in and the education that he received allowed him to be well-educated and be able to sail around the world. Despite his cleverness, his navigational and sailing skill was extremely high and later he became the sailing-master of the man-of-war which was British Royal Navy description for a strong warship. Through years of voyage, Bartolomeu Dias discovered the sea route around Africa and his voyage lead to the foundation of Portuguese Empire which helped to make the trade between Africa and Asia increase. Motivation Bortolomeu Dias is a well known Portuguese navigator who is the first to travel around the southern tip of Africa and name it the Cape of Good Hope. He comes from a noble family, so he can have much support even if the country didn’t support him. Dias’ family is not only rich, but also much of his relatives have seagoing background. Since he comes from a noble family, he was well-educated. During his education, he learned about math, physics, and astronomy. In addition, because of his relatives, he also has experience of navigation and exploration (Loon Lake). In 1487, he was chosen by Portuguese King John 2 to go and explore a path to the Indian Ocean through the southern tip of Africa (LLC). During the period of time which Dias live in, Portuguese, Spanish, and other European countries are trying to discover more about the world and find different ways to get to other countries to expand their colonies. To compete with other empires, the kings will send an intelligent and reliable explorer to be the sea captain who is able to lead the crews on the voyage. The Portuguese King selected Dias on the voyage because of his background. Dias was a superintendent of the royal warehouse (Hartig, Otto), so the king knows about much about his background. Because of his educational background, he is able to use his knowledge of astronomy and his navigation skills in the voyage to correctly sail on the Atlantic Ocean without getting to the wrong place or getting lost at the ocean. Dias became a successful explorer who brought glory to his home country because of his omni-directional knowledge. His attitudes toward study enable him to complete the mission. If he didn’t work this hard, how could they find their destination accurately? How can Dias open the road for Gama? Details of Adventure Most records of Bartolomeu Dias’s early voyages have been lost from time to time. There are, however, three of his voyages that are currently known to historians, including his journey on a war ship in around 1481 (wikipedia), his voyage to the Cape of Good Hopes, and his last exploration as an advisor for Vasco Da Gama, in which he and his fellow sailers were tragically killed in a storm. Bartolomeu’s most famous exploration is his second trip, which brought Europeans to the southernmost tip of Africa for the first time. The crewed sailed off from the port of Lisbon in Portugal in 1487 (biography. om). At first Bartolomeu followed the map created by Diogo Cao, another portugese explorer. Bartolomeu brought with him the standard padroes for staking territories for Spain and marking coasts for later explorations (biography. com). On February 3, 1488, Bartolomeu’s crew landed on the Sao Brass, modern day Mossel Bay. There, they encountered an extremely hostile local tribe, who threw stones at the ships until the Portugese shot dead one of their tribesmen. As they sailed further along the southern coast of Africa, Bartolomeu’s crew started to fear because their food supply is running low. They want to end the exploration immediately and travel back to Andra Do Salto, where they left 15 men to watch over their food supply. Bartolomeu convinced his sailers to give him three more days before heading back. They finally stopped at Kwaaihoek, where they planted a padroe and headed back toward Portugal. On their way back, Bartolomeu Dias named the second cape they encountered Cape of Storms, which later became the Cape of Good Hopes. After 15 months of travel, they covered over 16,000 miles and arrived at Lisbon in 1488 (Alchin). 7 men died on this historical journey. Bartolomeu’s crew brought tons of jewelries with them on this trip and traded for ivory along the African coast (BBC News). The Impact of Voyages Batrolomeu Dias is the Portuguese explorer who rounded Africa’s southern tip, then sailed up part of Africa’s east coast before returning home. [World History 544] Also, he discovered Brazil, which later becomes a very important place for mining gold, silver and trading raw materials. Because he discovered the route that rounds Africa, Vasco da Gama was able to round the Africa and found the Spice Islands, or now days Philippines. Philippines gave Portuguese large amounts of spices, and also, they could hold a great power in trade with Asia. The reason they could hold that much power is because they found the route to Asia. And at that time, Portuguese was the only country who knew the trade route toward Asia. And Bartolomeu’s voyage helped Vasco da Gama to find his route to Africa. So, Bartolomeu’s voyage had an impact on Vasco da Gama’s voyage, and da Gama’s voyage had a huge impact on Portuguese’s trading and economy. Overall, Bartolomeu’s voyage had an impact on Portuguese’s trading and economy. Also, â€Å"his trip contributed to the establishment of the Portuguese Empire in the begining of the 16th century, that would lead to an increase in trade in Africa and Asia with Portugal. He appears in the Portuguese bills of 2,000 shields. † [theageofdiscovery – Bartolomeu Dias]. Usually, a great person who is respected by people, and who contributed for the country a lot will appear on the bills of the country. So, appearing on the bill prove that Bartolomeu Dias had a huge impact on Portugal’s history.

Design a Flowchart for a Process

When asked to think about a process I wish to improve on for this assignment I decided to create a new process for the completion of my course work in the completion of my MBA program. Throughout the first five classes of my 12 course program I have notice that the difference in grades from an A to a B has come down to my work ethics in classes. There are several factors that have contributed to why I have not been as successful as I want to be in classes.My last course CRIB was a difficult class because I know math is a weaker subject for me and I let that intimidate me. Before that, I have a lot of outside projects I work on including a business startup so it has affected my ability and I was constantly tired from working two Jobs as well. When I finally had the energy to focus on my coursework, I sometime had issues understanding the work or material and although I could have asked being that it's an online program sometimes I don't understand math through written immunization.Whi le I did utilized the resources I still did not allow myself to get the time needed to actually understand the work. I ended up missing substantial points on my test. My flowchart design will Include my MBA coursework, and the metrics that will be applied will be time spent and grades and will be used to measure my flowcharts effectiveness. Start Review each class syllabus for the entire class Download all required course material Monday before each week starts revisit

Process Improvement Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Process Improvement Plan - Essay Example For every group of data, the points on the X-Bar usually represent its average. The range chart on the other hand displays the difference between the lowest and the highest dimension in the group (SPC 2013). Statistical control limits also known as confidence band is normally attached to the weakening line so as to reduce the unexplained error. The confidence interval in the regression is normally based on past data. Control limits are expressed in terms of positive or negative mean absolute deviation (MAD). MAD is normally simple and useful when obtaining tracking signal. It is used to denote the average error that is in the forecasts. It measures the dispersion of the observed values from the expected values. When sign is put in consideration in the computation of MAD, the control limits are obtained. MAD is calculated by obtaining the sum of absolute deviations and then dividing it with the number of data points. Control limits can also be expressed in form of standard deviations. Standard deviation relates to mean absolute deviation when the errors in the project are usually dispersed. ‘The standard deviation’ is normally a bigger measure. For instance, if the MAD of a set of points was estimated to be 60, then the measure for the standard deviation would be 75. ... It is used to indicate whether the average of the forecast is keeping pace with any upward or downward genuine changes A typical control chart has two horizontal lines that are called ‘upper control limit’ (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL). If the process happens to be in control, almost all the samples fall between them and hence no action needs to be taken. If a point plots outside of the control limit it is taken that the procedure must be out of control and hence investigation is necessary and corrective action should be taken in order to find and eradicate the possible causes for the behavior. The sample points that are on control chart are normally connected with a straight line to make it easier to visualize how the sequence of those points has been evolving over time. Even if all the points happen to plot inside of the control limits and they act in a non-random approach then this is a signal that the procedure might be out of control. These limits are calculat ed from Range and ‘SPC X-Bar’ values. They are plus/minus three standard deviations from the average calculated and represent 99.97% self-assurance factor that any of the reading that falls between the limits can is an attribute of the regular process discrepancies (Confidence intervals: how they work, 2013). Effect of Seasonal Factors Using Process Performance Data Control: Measurement will help in reduction of variation. They help reduce overruns in expenditure so as the objectives agreed on can be achieved. Management assessment: The concept for process performance involves meeting the planned established operating goals, detecting of deviations from the planned performance levels and then restoring these performances to the levels planned or even

Alternative cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alternative cinema - Essay Example The film Stranger Than Paradise can be subdivided into three parts namely; present or ‘new world’, ‘a year later’ and ‘paradise.’ The film is a depiction of America through a foreign perspective see image 1. Willie the main character in the film speaks in English while responding to Aunt Lotte, who speaks in Hungarian (Andrew, 1999). He persuades Lotte to speak in English an indication that foreigners are not yet ready to give up their identity. Each part of the film can be said to reflect the stages that a foreigner undergoes in America. The film is shot in black and white backgrounds making the film unique since it seems to break away from the normal rule in filming see image 2. Each scene of the film is one take and after every take the screen cuts to black for a moment prior to the commencement of another take. The ‘takes are static shots, and other follows the characters. Each ‘take’ exhibits repeated emotionless sensatio n. The film can clearly bring out the emotions of the character. The film devises a new way whereby real lives and emotions of the characters are observed without confusing the audience. The ambient sounds in the scenes that persist even after the cuts to black and the beginning of ‘takes with silence do not deter the in bringing out the emotions of the characters. In the film Stranger Than Paradise, the effect of simplification is applied in the formal way the story is narrated as opposed to applying the idea to physical objects (Blume & Forster, 2006). The scenes are presented in a simple manner but chronological presentation and frequently independent from each other. The presentation involves the selected moments eliminating the bigger part of the theatrical action. The acting part of the film is very critical. In this order, every shot becomes a masterpiece. Selection or elimination through cutting cannot improve the performance. If a mistake

Pursuing a Career in Real Estates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pursuing a Career in Real Estates - Essay Example Title companies’ main work is to make smooth the exchange of properties between the concerned parties, doing all the work for the buyer who can be a citizen or a foreigner (Tyson and Griswold 62). Unlike the U.S., other countries have rules in regards to what property foreigners can buy. In Mexico, for example, foreigners are not allowed to own property within 50 km of the coast or 100 km from the borders unless they have a Mexican trust or Mexican corporation title. In South Asian countries like Thailand, foreigners cannot own land, but properties in it can be purchased followed by land acquisition under a lease option of 30 years. However, this land acquisition is not assured because the government still insists that land ownership by foreigners is illegal. In the Philippines real estate development is one of the fastest growing businesses (Edwards 78). This paper discusses real estate as a possible business venture and the qualities of a successful real estate agent. THE RE AL ESTATE BUSINESS SECTOR As the world economies evolve, individuals and organizations have seen the need to make smart investment choices. In his book, on investing in real estate, Eldred asks, ‘What types of markets offer the best opportunities for future profits? What type of markets alleviates risks?’ (20). Questions like these are the ones that an individual asks when they wish to invest. The answer to the questions lies in the real estate industry. Real estate development has had a positive impact on economies of nations over the years. This is because land is so much a limited resource that even reclaiming it from the seas is not a sustainable option. Thus, a smart investor invests and owns part of it so as to have a bargaining chip. Furthermore, its value rarely goes down, and even if it does it does not take long for its value to shoot once again. Fields in the Real Estate Business. Private property ownership, has led to the development and growth of real estat e to a significant business sector, also called commercial real estate. In reality, real estate properties are always expensive thus; they require a significant amount of investment. In addition, each piece of land has unique characteristics, which has lead to development of different fields in the industry with specialists that evaluate the real estate and facilitate the transactions. Businesses in real estate include Appraisals, where a professional determines the value of the property (Edwards 78). Second is the brokerage, where a broker is paid a fee to facilitate the transaction between the two parties. Third is development, which involves land improvement for use via replacing or adding buildings. Fourth is net leasing, which ensures tenants pay rent plus the additional expenses that are supposed to be paid by the landlord. Fifth is property management, which involves managing a property on behalf of the owner. Sixth is real estate marketing and it entails managing the sales a spect of the property. Seven is real estate investing, which entails management of the investment in the real estate. Eight is the relocation services, and as the name suggests, involves relocating business or people to different countries or regions. Lastly is the corporate real estate, which deals with management of a corporation’

Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example The qualitative approach will include the use of observations and focus of multinational corporations. The quantitative approach will involve the use journals, magazines, and online stuff from different websites. The marketing plan will further elaborate few key issues like will Windows 7 is able to conquer the market share from existing operating systems like XP, Vista, and Mac? What will be the strategic issues that may arise from the application of technology by other competitors? What marketing strategy must be adopted by Microsoft to release its new operating system in successful manner? Microsoft is a US based multinational and world’s largest organization in computer and software industries with its areas of operations in each and every country of the world. The organization is headquartered at Redmond, Washington and was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on 4th April, 1975. Microsoft has earned a high level trusted reputation by conducting its business worldwide with integrity, innovation, and respect. The company has delivered hundreds of different software related brands at global scale. It also manufactures, licenses, and offers a wide range of products which are related to computer field. The company has $73.72 billion dollars revenue by the end of 2012 while its total assets are more than $121 billion dollars. More than 94,000 employees are working under Microsoft at global level (Microsoft Corporation Financial Statements, 2011). Microsoft has promoted a culture of progression and innovation. The company has invested a huge amount of money in its operating system sector to gain competitive advantage on product innovation. Millions of people across the globe today enjoy a wide range of operating systems offered by Microsoft in all segments of retail from operating systems of XP and Vista to other software and hardware tools. The most successful products that Microsoft has offered are its

Caja Mediterrneo Bank Insolvency Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Caja Mediterrneo Bank Insolvency - Case Study Example The trademark Caja Mediterrà ¡neo started being used in 2007. Initially the bank used the trademark Caja de Ahorros de Alicante y Murcia. Some of the institutions absorbed to form CAM include Caja de Ahorros de Torrent, which had been formed in 1906, and Caja de Ahorros Provincial de Alicante y Valencia which was absorbed in 1991 (‘Caja Mediterraneo and Accenture Deploy Alnova Core Banking Platform’ 2010, Web). By 1975, several other institutions had joined to form the current CAM. Such institutions included Caja Rural de Ahorros y Prà ©stamos del Sindicato Catà ³lico Agrà ­cola de Yecla, Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Alcoy, Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Yecla, Caja de Ahorros de Nuestra Seà ±ora de los Dolores in Crevillent, Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Elche, Caja de Ahorros de Novelda, Caja de Ahorros de Nuestra Seà ±ora de Monserrate, Caja de Ahorros del Sureste de Espaà ±a, Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Alicante, and Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Jumilla. Others include Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Murcia, Caja de Ahorro y Monte de Piedad de Cartagena, and Caja Rural de Ahorros y Prà ©stamos del Sindicato Catà ³lico Agrà ­cola de El Progreso (‘Spain's central bank favors merger of Caja Madrid’ 2010, Web; manta 2012, Web). By December 2007, CAM Bank was considered the fourth largest Spanish savings Bank. The ranking was based on customer loans and deposits. Moreover, the Bank was ranked the third larger in term of market share and the number of office openings. The bank originated in Murcia and Alicante provinces and offered banking services across Spain. With a network of about 1,100 offices, the bank employed about 7,100 workers and served more than 3, 300, 000 clients. CAM was mainly involved in retail banking. The customers included Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and individuals. In addition, the bank was involved in the provision of services such as insurance as well as asset management (Anon 2011, Web).

Language Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Language Analysis - Assignment Example ress with a more non-restrictive approach to teaching spoken English, allowing students especially in non-native classes to learn the language with greater ease and more chances of making meaning. Applying the idea of SFL, this paper analyses two activities for English language teaching in the intermediate level. The activities were taken from Billbrough’s (2007; pp.54, 157) book titled, Dialogue Activities. The two activities are recommended for pre-intermediate and higher levels. According to Billbrough, dialogues are ideal to promote the speaking skills of the students. Based on this recommendation to incorporate authentic dialogues, it can be assumed that the book adheres to Halliday’s SFL principles. Analyses of the activities in the book could give light to the issue. From the time of its formal introduction up to now, SFL has received impressive attention from grammarians. Thus, scholars and researchers have made further enquiry and elucidations to expound on the ideas of Halliday. In order to achieve focus, this paper analyses the activities based on some main principles that Halliday (Halliday & Webster, 2003) introduced as follows: The first activity is called The Words I’d like to Own. In this activity, the aim is for students to learn new vocabulary words/phrases/terms/statement from a transcript and make the language part of their active vocabulary. The students will read a transcript and pick from it some words or phrases that they like to imitate and form part of their own vocabulary. After choosing, they will discuss with their group and decide on two phrases or words to use in a dialogue. The group will present the dialogue to the class and the audience will identify the target language/term/phrase/statement the group incorporated into their speech. The suggested dialogue activity is a good attempt to adopt the SFL Model. The beginning of the activity illustrates the main principle of SFL to teach students of the difference between spoken

A self assessment on intercultural negotiating skills Essay - 3

A self assessment on intercultural negotiating skills - Essay Example This paper will discuss the qualities of a good intercultural Negotiator. It will then discuss on the experiences learned in a class negotiation simulation. Finally the paper will review the different aspects of communication strategies employed in the negotiation. In order for one to meet their goals as an intercultural negotiator, it is essential for them to possess the characteristics of a good intercultural negotiator. Firstly a good intercultural negotiator is observant. This means that they take time watch how other people communicate with each other where they note the differences between them. Secondly a good intercultural negotiator should know that different people communicate in different ways and should never assume that messages from different cultures should be interpreted in the same way. Thirdly one should be always positive when dealing with people from different cultures. This means that one should avoid miscommunication which is brought about by misconceptions about the persons intentions. A good Negotiator should also ask questions freely especially where they feel they have not understood. For instance one should ask for clarification on issues, gestures, and ideas to avoid miscommunication. One should also have good communication skills where they are able to express themselves freely by clearly explaining their communication. A good intercultural Negotiator should be polite. This means that when one is seeking any clarification or asking a question, they should do it in a respectable and polite manner in order to ensure the other participants ate not offended. Finally, a good intercultural Negotiator should be persistent meaning that they should not give up easily if they do not understand what is being communicated. One should be patient enough and allow the other person(s) to communicate in their own time. During the class negotiation simulation I got to practice the theories that we have

Comparing unacademic genre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparing unacademic genre - Essay Example This film indeed plays like real life events happening in a modern television network station. The main actor appears to reason with critics, something that gives him an edge to pass on his message that current journalists have more ways of speaking the truth to those in authority fearlessly. He goes on showing that, the modern journalist has been able to attract the attention even first-time viewers and consequently being able to engage the viewer to give an opinion concerning both public and private policies. The movie has portrayed news anchors and journalists as people who do feed viewers and readers with the right content but in between tilt it to favor their side of the argument. That way they have an upper hand of influencing public opinion about how the ruling class executes its policies. The film is quite interesting and captivating, with all characters coming out boldly and playing their roles interactively. The piece signifies the importance of working out in a calculative and composed way with the bigger picture in mind. From the movie, one can learn how to single out truth from fiction in the work of journalists and figure out how to make independent decisions instead of following their lead. As shown, that best way is to digest the question the journalist asks then give a reply based on that piece of the article without an analysis. The piece with analysis is meant to divert your vision to something similar to what the article talks of. The movie is about a female messiah-like figure (Jupiter) who is engaging King Lear family villain siblings in a bitter war to control the solar system. The villains play tough prompting Jupiter to seek assistance from baddies, who are members of another dynasty. The baddies immediately become interested in her and compel her to sign a property deed that shall allow them to harvest her eggs. These eggs contain energy of imprisoned people, so the buddies want to

Why Students Should Work Essay Example for Free

Why Students Should Work Essay I disagree that high school students should be limited in the amount of hours they work because students will be making less money. So they won’t be able to save enough money for college. Also students will learn about responsibility and will learn on how to manage their money,write checks, and use their credit card. I think that high school students should work as many hours as they want in conclusion they would be making more money to support themselves and their families. Also, because they get to experience what working is like so they could get ready for their career. Having a job has many benefits. One of these benefits is obvious, earning an income. With an income comes responsibility. When a student becomes an adult, he or she has to learn to depend on their own income, and there is nothing they can do to prepare themselves for that except to begin to get a feel for the responsibilities earning an income brings. Also, I think that students who work, it gives the student experience on what their working on so that they get good at it. I think that students who work more get more money so that they could buy a car and not be tired from school and work. Also, I think that this is an opportunity to learn how to manage their money and how to use it wisely. Students can gain experience by working through high school. This brings the opportunity to learn how to budget money, which is a vital part of being independent. Budgeting takes a lot of self-discipline and trial and error, but is possible to learn. It is also important for students to start making purchases that result in monthly payments, such as cell phone or car payments. Not only does this give students the ability to establish credit, but also a feel for what having bills is like. These are things that all students need to gain exposure to and begin become experienced with. It would be much more difficult to learn these things when one is dependent on themselves. It raises the risk of struggles with money. I think that students who work more could also maintain good grades and do homework because they only have to work after school. So they could do homework after work and still good to school with enough energy to last the  whole day.

Dairy Farming In India Marketing Essay

Dairy Farming In India Marketing Essay This Applied Research Project is requirement for the researchers studies in MBA in Community Economic Development Program at Cape Breton University. This ARP is the final assessment and must for the completion of this MBA Program. This Applied Research Project is mainly focused on discussing about effectiveness of co-operative model for dairy farming in Tamil Nadu, India. About Dairy Farming: Milk is defined as the lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more mammalian animals. Dairy farming is a part of agriculture, practiced to produce milk which is generally from dairy cows, and also from sheep, camel, and goat. Dairy industry is a highly important component of food industry, which buys raw milk refrigerated for farmers to normalize by transforming and distributing it (Moran H. , 2005). Usually, the milk is processed in a dairy factory or on the dairy farm itself. From hand milking the cows to machine milking, milk production has developed immensely with latest technologies. Dairy farming has been done all over the world, but most of the countries which produce milk consume internally. New Zealand is one of leading countries which export dairy products, whereas India is the largest milk producing country in the world. Indian dairy sector contributes a major share towards the total gross revenue from livestock sector and holds an enormous potential to bring about rapid economic growth, particularly for the benefit of the weaker sections and the rural poor. Livestock production has been, and will remain for many decades, one of the most important economic and social activities of human culture in developing countries where hundreds of millions of people depend either directly or indirectly on livestock-based activities (Preston and Murugueitio 1992). Dairy Farming in India In 2010, dairy industry is the second largest food industry in India in terms of revenue behind meat industry. In 2010, the largest dairy company operating within the country in terms of annual global sales is Nestle with $ 18.6 billion revenue. Dairy farmers produce largest staple food in the world i.e. Milk. The quality and safety of milk and its derivatives are directly related to conditions of hygiene and environment. Good hygiene practices help to improve the quality and value of the product and fundamentally determine the success or failure of a dairy farm. At present, the protection of health and animal welfare are provided by a comprehensive program of udder hygiene and processes in livestock bio-security program. These programs help dairy farmers to: Optimize milk yield, quality and price of milk Improve operating profits Decrease the infection pressure on the dairy herd Maintain a high level of animal welfare The function of cooperatives in dairy farming is studied along with the impact of the cooperatives in dairy farming. Milk production is one of the most important elements of agriculture in India. During the past 5 years, farms in India increased their total production by 86%. The level of milk production in 2011 increased by 5.4 tons and was 136.4 thousand tons (104.1% compared to last year). Average yield in the region is 2,717 kg per cow, which is 272 kg more than previous year. At the same time dairy farming area in contrast to the poultry industry is the sector in which the performance is far from self-sufficient (Ruricola, 2009). Milk production per capita in the region is 200 kg per year. Dairy farming is growing and modernizing in India. Beginning in 2006, 34 major farms were built in India pursuing new and remodeled milk production of 20.4 thousand with loose housing of cattle and milking parlor. It also included newly constructed 10 dairy complexes with a capacity of 10.8 thousand cows. In addition, the modernization of livestock buildings has been replacing milking equipment (Berentsen, Kovacs, Asseldonk, 2012). As a result, compared to the year 2011 level of comprehensive mechanization of dairy farming has increased in the region from 36% to 60%. Technical and technological modernization of the industry continues. Dairy Farming at International Level and Genomics: Dairy farming at international level has also been receiving increasing attention. In June 2009, among the first countries in the world, France began publish its first official genomic index for dairy cattle. German dairy sector has decoded and located some of the tens of thousands of genes of an animal and use this information to genetic selection. Today, the genetic value can be estimated directly from a simple blood from the birth of the calf in several countries of the world. This method is very interesting for the strategy selection of each farmer in particular for functional traits and breeding qualities. Since 2009, seed bulls whose genetic value is obtained from their genotypes are available in catalogs selections have been developed in Eastern Europe. In addition, genomic selection can be much more efficient in selection on functional traits, poorly considered by the selection of offspring by providing breeders specific genetic values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹for males as for females. In a classic selection scheme progeny, the cost of evaluating a bull was about 40,000. Therefore, use in large numbers of seeds per bull led to a sharp increase in the risk of inbreeding level in the French and international dairy herd. Genomics can increase the diversity of available bulls. In addition, the bulls are replaced by younger much faster pace, which is also favorable to the maintenance of genetic variability. Literature Review: The Concept of Dairy Cooperatives A dairy cooperative is a business owned by milk producers and co-partners who must meet their economic, professional and training needs. A dairy cooperative is a collective enterprise where milk producers have pooled their investments to take control of their business because they are convinced that we can succeed better together than individually. A dairy cooperative is a business built on solidarity, responsibility, fairness and transparency. The cooperative and their associates reach solidarity as they form a community of people sharing the same project and the same interests. They also share the profits and risks. The cooperative has the mission to promote the best possible milk co-associates, who in turn, are financially responsible for their cooperative. All partners are co-treated with fairness, according to the same rules and with the same rights described in the constitution and bylaws of the cooperative. The Board of Directors of the cooperative is elected by the general meeting of cooperative partners and provides the associated elements for co-decide in open and transparent relationships. A dairy cooperative is a business that secures its associated producers through an indivisible collective ownership of all its members-cooperators. It does not belong to each individual in proportion to its shareholding. A cooperative dairy farm is an extension of his associates-cooperators. Its mandatory activities are related to milk his co-partners, collecting the milk, processing it into products and marketing these products. A dairy cooperative aims to maximize the value of its associated activities and therefore co-add the most value to the milk produced on their farms. Like any business, is a dairy cooperative in competitive markets with other companies. It is therefore required to be competitive. A dairy cooperative may be the size of a multinational listed among the world leaders in the sector or the size of a SME-VSE with local or regional activities. She may have a dozen or several thousand-associated cooperators. Cooperative status is neither an advantage nor a handicap t o growth and abroad. Cooperative Principles The Cooperatives throughout the world function with same core principles. They are 1) Cooperation among Cooperatives The Cooperative movement is strengthened by functioning collectively all the way through local, national, international structures to serve their members most effectively. 2) Voluntary and Open Membership Cooperatives are voluntary groups, where everyone can utilize its services and should be willing to accept membership responsibilities. 3) Autonomy and Independence Cooperatives are self -governing, autonomous organizations guarded by their members. The cooperatives autonomy is surpassed when a co-op enters into agreement with other groups or raises funds with outside resource. 4) Concern for Community The Cooperatives work for sustainable growth of communities through procedures and programs acknowledged by members. 5) Education, Training and Information Cooperatives offer education and training to its members, representatives and employees to successfully contribute the growth of particular cooperatives. Also, the members educate the nature and benefits of these cooperatives to the general public in the community. 6) Members Economic Participation All the members in the cooperative contribute evenly to democratically manage, the funds in the organization. This creates equality among the members rather than creating unevenness in the cooperative. 7) Democratic Member Control Cooperatives are independent organizations controlled by their members. They are the ones, who purchase the commodities and utilize the service from the cooperative. Also, these members vigorously contribute in creating policies and making decisions. Dairy Cooperatives International Context Dairy cooperatives collect more than half of the milk in France. Dairy cooperation model is very predominant in other countries that are major producers of milk, such as Germany, New Zealand, the Netherlands and Denmark. In the international context, it represents a specific framework in terms of rights, obligations and governance. A dairy cooperative has made a contract of joint obligations associated with each cooperator. The partner-cooperator agrees to give its milk to the cooperative for a fixed term and renewable. Cooperative undertakes, in return, to collect all the milk which is provided to enhance the milk and the associated pay-cooperator. Only the partner-cooperator has the option to terminate the contract in each case. The cooperative does not have that option, unless serious reasons justifying exclusion. A dairy cooperative is legally binding and is a tax paying entity. In several countries of the world, it lies in the category of partnerships because it is the extension of holdings of its associates. Partnerships are distinct from limited liability companies such as SAS or SA. A dairy cooperative is a business that must be consistent with the statutes model statutes approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. They must also be approved by the High Council for Agricultural Cooperation. A dairy cooperative is a company whose directors are partners, co-workers, elected by their peers in general meeting. In emerging economies of the world like Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, a dairy cooperative is a community of men and women whose activities maintain or develop, direct and indirect, in rural areas: Employment, trade, social ties, in short the vitality Farms, cultures, landscapes, biodiversity short Terroirs, crafts, traditions, milk and cheese, short identities. Dairy cooperatives have accelerated the concentration in the milk sector in European countries. Two cooperatives West Eurial and Agrial, announced Friday the approximation of their dairy operations by 2014. The new entity, called Eurial, will be the second in France after dairy cooperative Sodiaal and the sixth player in the sector, dominated by private groups. Eurial collect 2 billion liters of milk from producers 5200 members realize a turnover of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2 billion and employ 3600 employees combined. No redundancies are planned. This strategic alliance is designed to face the prospect of the end of milk quotas, scheduled for 2015. It encourages the French to find growth opportunities internationally and to prepare such a strong demand from China milk powder. Some major players in the sector are weakened. Sodiaal in trouble on his milk Candia, announced the elimination of 300 jobs, or 20% of the workforce. For the future, the cooperative is associated with the Chinese group Synutra, with whom she has invested in Britain to create a milk drying plant Problems in Indian Dairy Farming and the Need for Cooperatives: It is noteworthy that in view of all the disadvantages in smallholders, especially the small-scale. It is important to create a class of family farmers through cooperatives to improve their competitiveness (Ven Keulen, 2007). This is possible only if the number of dairy cows is more than 30 per each family member. In todays form of family farms operating as cooperatives, productivity can be improved through these measures. On such farms on average per employee per day is 40-60 liters of marketable milk that goes to implementation. These farms are very sensitive to the rising cost of diesel fuel and electricity. Since, costs of milk production can be brought down by seeking cooperative behavior. Farmers drive their cows to pasture and seek to maintain low cost operations. In winter, these farms produce milk around 300 liters and in the summer production range at 1-8 tons. In Indian dairy farm sector, the production is very low-tech (Singh, 2001). For lack of flash cooling capacity, automation and disinfection winter, farms produce milk of grade I-II. A small proportion of these farms are equipped with coolers of milk. Most of these farms are already engaged in preparation of feed and have adopted appropriate technique (James, 2010). Majority of these farms employs a lot of manual labor, and the quality of the milk produced is stable and meets class I. The main problem of Indian farms is low productivity even though farmers on these farms work seven days a week. Farm economy and mortgage framework does not allow for increased production. The fourth type of dairy farms in India is the modern industrial farms. As a rule, these farms are built in the open field (Singh, 2001). The possibility in these farms is of dilution and spoilage of milk. During the last five years, productivity of milkmaids has increased. During the agrarian crisis in India, a slowdown in the growth of agriculture created a vicious circle of falling productivity of land and livestock, which lowered product quality, increased complexity, formed multiple lag wages and even deteriorated social development of rural regions. Presence of a cooperative in such situations would have helped in arresting the downward spiral. This is evidenced by international experience, because a similar pattern was shown in the 70s and early 80s in the US and in other periods in other countries. Thus, the agricultural organizations of rural India would help to improve the standard of living in the region. That is a decrease of agricultural labor substitution industry, reduces the level of mechanization of labor. Thus, the translation process is constrained by the industry on an industrial basis. When dairy farming is organized, savings of total labor costs in dairy farming becomes particularly important due to stabilization and further increases in productivity are not possible without a significant reduction in production costs. The most active and transformative impact on the entire system of factors of productivity in the industry provides scientific and technical progress. In particular, the shift from labor-saving technologies to resource aimed primarily at saving energy and raw materials is important. Thus, cooperatives in Indian dairy farming can help in improving the material and technical base of agriculture, materializing scientific achievements in high-performance means of production, creating new opportunities for forward movement of labor productivity growth and contributing to the emergence of new reserves to reduce the total cost of labor in the production of milk. Thus, the greatest influence of formation of cooperatives in Indian dairy farming sector can be on the productivity of labor, material interest of workers in the industry, the level of livestock feeding, reproduction, herd concentration of milk production and the introduction of comprehensive mechanization of the main production processes on the farms. Calculations show that if after the formation of cooperative, dairy farms achieve an average level of utilization of productive resources, the labor cost savings would amount to 407.4 thousand man-hours, or 10.2% of the labor costs of production. One of the important organizational and economic factors for increasing productivity is to control production costs. Although in farm planning tools focus on the immediate direct producers. In the establishment of farm market special attention should be given to flexibility in planning and adapting to the changing economic conditions. This requires dairy farm owners to create common technical approaches for the development of standards of production costs on the articles and items for different levels of animal productivity. This allows, firstly, more efficient use of labor and material resources, identification of the available reserves of labor productivity growth, labor used in the optimal level of labor intensity, and to determine scientifically the complexity and cost of production, productivity growth and the need for in the labor force in the industry for the future. The use of modern information technologies in their calculation significantly reduces the amount of computation al work carried out; simplify billing system, which ultimately reduces the period of their development. Economically feasible rations for animals are the basis of effective management. Since the nutritional diet consists of a different set of feeds, one needs to select the best feeding option, that is, one that would meet the biological needs for nutrients and have a minimum cost. Cooperative in Indian dairy farm sector may support in this regard. Regulations on feed consumption of cattle head should be supported at different levels of animal productivity in physical and value terms. Such standards should be developed by the dairy cooperative because it also serves a watch-dog industry. The main benefit of cooperative dairy farming is consulting and educational services in the field of dairy farming. It is believed that the effective management of production must keep pace with the times. Therefore, all efforts are focused on enterprise development through the use of modern technologies and adapting them to Indian conditions. Based on collective experience, cooperatives have made the success achieved as a result of those enterprises, specialists who are constantly improving their skills working with animals. Many of cooperatives learn best from their mistakes. But in the dairy business, it may be too expensive. Using the services of professional experts, cooperatives will save both time and money required to achieve farming goals. Experience working with dairy farms, especially those who are beginning to work on new technologies, shows that very often skilled enough of the knowledge that they already have, for professional work with animals. In operation, there are various issues related to housing, feeding and reproduction of dairy cows, etc. Sometimes it is better to get an answer to a question in order to understand a specialist in the right direction it is moving. One of the main problems in the Indian dairy industry is feeding. In particular, the correct calculation of rations on the basis of the farm feed. Cooperatives expert nutritionists can balance rations for the cows, based on the availability of feed and regional characteristics. Social Experiment: In a day-to- day basis, farmers are facing several challenges and these challenges can be rectified through applying and following Community Economic Development concepts. I am going to explain my own experience about milk production in my community and how CED concepts guided the farmers in a sustainable position. Milk production is one of the most common farming methods in Tamil Nadu region. This dairy cooperative is located in a village called Ponnapuram in Pollachi, Tamil Nadu. Few years ago, farmers have to go to private dairy farms or directly to people house to sell their milk products. Through this, farmers were not getting good amount of profit as prices were fixed by those private dairy farms and there was interference of the middleman. Farmers had no other choice in those days than selling for the price fixed by a middleman. Farmers faced a huge challenge to get reasonable profit and also to take care of their animals. As many other villages in Tamil Nadu, farmers in my community are more dependent on a milk production. Few years ago, one of the community activists in Ponnapuram who is also a farmer, involved in milk production for more than 20 years gathered all milk producing farmers for a meeting. He discussed about the situation of farmers in the community and motivated them to work towards a common goal, which is the economic development of all farmers and the community. He gave an idea of community owned cooperative, where it operates as a trading center for farmers to sell their milk products. Everyone in the community agreed to this program and they stopped supplying milk to private dairy farms directly. He collected a small amount of money from each farmer which is affordable and formed an office like community owned cooperative. He created certain policies which will benefit the farmers as well as the community are as follows. i) Created membership for all milk producing farmers in the co mmunity, ii) Farmers meet once in a month to discuss about the price and they will set an mutually agreed price for the products, iii) Farmers should not sell their products to any other third parties and everything should go through the community cooperative. This community owned cooperative directly or indirectly follows certain core principles of cooperatives in their group. Voluntary and Open Membership This dairy cooperative is open to all members of the community without any discrimination of gender, religion and financial status. Autonomy and Independence This dairy cooperative is totally autonomous and members in the community are very much aware of what agreements with other organizations will affect the functions and purpose of this cooperative. Education, Training and Information Senior members of the cooperative educate and demonstrate the techniques of dairy farming to the new and young people who involve in dairy farming. Also, Veterinary camps are being held every 3 months to create awareness for maintaining the Cattles. So now, all the private dairy farms in the community have to come to the cooperative for milk and they cant have any rights in fixing the price for the milk products. Initially, it was difficult for the farmers to make this program successful, but in few months farmers benefited through the cooperative. Cooperative will have a small amount of profit from that milk products which they sell to dairy farms and farmers decided to spend that money for maintenance of cattles. Ponnapuram Community has nearly 300 families involved in this dairy farming and all those people doing dairy farming are members of this cooperative. For more than 2 years now, this community owned cooperative has been successfully benefiting the farmers and enhancing their living standards through Community Economic Development. This is a great example for every other community and farmers who are facing several challenges in a day-to-day basis.

Traditional and New Approaches of Media Effect

Traditional and New Approaches of Media Effect Widhia Kurnia Sukmono How do you think the media affect us? Critically evaluate debates on media effects and traditional and new approaches to media effect theories. With reference to one particular case study, provide you considered assessment of how the media influence, and affect, us. It has been widely accepted by the public that the media is capable of Influencing societies on a large scale. The media has long been deemed as a very powerful force within society that can subvert norms and values that could ultimately undermine our social order. How the media exactly affect us can be seen as a rather complex issue that concerns many media scholars for a long time. Various theories on media effect has been created by some of the world’s renowned communication scholars in order to depict how the media influence people. Debates on how the media influence may cause more harm than good Is still ongoing till now. Hence, it is the utmost importance to analyse the various models of media effect and how it has evolved in order to fully understand how the media actually influence us. Especially now since we are currently living in a media saturated culture, more than ever we depend on the media for our understanding of world events. This essay aims to analyse traditional and new approaches of media effect, and sought to debate on the credibility of various media effect theories. The five media effect theories mentioned in this essay will include the Hypodermic Needle Theory, The Reception theory, Two Step Flow theory, Catharsis theory and Encoding Decoding theory. To further the analysis of media effect on society, this essay will also touch on the subject of moral panic and how it is related to media influence. Finally, this essay will also perform a case study on the prevalence of violent behaviour among young people caused by high violent imagery portrayed by media industry. Some people argued that the amount of violence presented in the media is the core reason causing young viewers to adopt violent behaviour, but this may not be necessarily true. The idea that the media has powerful effects on people gained ground during the 1920’s and 1930’s, in light of the fascist treatment towards society and dictators utilizing the media as a propaganda tool in countries like Germany and Russia. After researcher began observing the effect of propaganda during World War 1, they brought about the very first theory of media effects which is called the Hypodermic Needle Theory or the Magic Bullet Model. The Hypodermic Needle Theory is a linear communication theory which suggests that media messages are injected directly into the brains of a passive, receptive, uncritical audience. A classic example of the application of the hypodermic needle theory was illustrated on October 30, 1938 when Orson Welles and the newly formed Mercury Theatre group broadcasted their dramatization of H.G Wells’ â€Å"War of the Worlds.† The program, which was presented in the format of a news bulletin, caused one million listener of the 12 million listener in America to be â€Å"panic-stricken†. A wave of mass hysteria disturbed households, interrupted religious services causing severe traffic jams and clogged major communication system. People even fled their homes in the city to seek shelter in more rural areas, grocery stores were raided and people began to ration food. The nation was in a state of chaos caused by a single broadcast of what was meant to be a radio dramatization of a well-known book. After the event occurred media theorist classified the â€Å"War of the Worlds† broadcast as the archetypal example of the Hypodermic Needle Theory and an example of moral panic. This event demonstrated perfectly on how the media worked, simply by injecting the message directly into the bloodstream of the public like a drug, it then successfully stimulated a uniform response from the mass population. This theory shows how audiences are seen a passive and gullible individuals who could easily be manipulated by the media. Although the Hypodermic Needle Theory has died away in the 1930’s since it fails to recognize the fact that audience themselves are active producers of meaning. Nevertheless, the Hypodermic Needle Theory is one of the earliest and fundamental theory of media effects that continues to influence the way we talk about the media and the creation of other media effect theory. However, this theory may still be applicable to children or young viewers as they are considered extremely passive audience and uncritical. They would not be able to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong and may possibly see violence as an acceptable behaviour in society. Hence, it is often recommended that media industry to apply censorship to prevent children from latching onto violent behaviour. Unlike what Hypodermic Needle Theory depicted, the media effect process can be seen as a more complex thing, the media doesn’t necessarily have total direct and powerful influence on audiences as it involve more variables. Media and audience relationship does not exist in void but is involved and influenced by many things such as social context, culture and political-economy. Audience would consists of unique individuals who have different social and culture which makes it problematic to conceptualise one mass audience. The term active audience was then created alongside the Reception theory which is the exact polar opposite of the Hypodermic Needle Theory. This theory recognises viewers as active participants in media that is able to form out unique responses from each individual viewers. Campbell and Morgan (2009) states that one particular message received by five different people most probably create five unique responses depending on personal factors such as religion, edu cation, culture, political affiliation and legal framework. Lazarsfeld and Katz (1955) also add that people may become opinion leaders, usually are individuals who pay close attention to the media. This also bring us to the next media effect theory called the Two-Flow step theory which suggest that media meanings are mediated through key individuals that influences how we think. These so called ‘opinion leaders’ sought to observe media content and pass on their interpretation of media to others. In a paper presented at the 20th Annual World Wide Web Conference in 2011, researchers managed to look into the flow of information on the social networking site Twitter and revealed that they had found significant evidence to support the Two Step Flow Theory. Researchers found that news distributed in twitter find its way through people a number of prominent and influential opinion leaders like celebrities, journalist and bloggers. Ultimately the media is no longer seen as having strong powerful direct effect on audiences anymore. (Lazar sfeld, 1955). Another theory called the Catharsis theory was created, the term â€Å"Catharsis† is derived from the Greek word Katharsis which literally means cleansing, purging, or purification. This theory has played an important role in the discussion about the effects of violence in the mass media for many years. It implies that the execution of an aggressive action under certain conditions diminishes the aggressive drive and therefore reduces the likelihood of further aggressive action. The crucial point in Catharsis Theory is that the observed aggressive action does not necessarily need to be executed in reality, it can instead take place in the audience fantasy and imaginations. This is closely linked to the consumerism aspect of mass media in whereby audiences use what they see on the media to fulfil the different needs and wants they have (Goldstein, 1998). One of the most common needs of audience is the urge to escape reality. The mass media industry is able to give these sensatio n through wide array of films or games exhibiting characteristic of tragedy and violence for the audience to cleanse their negative feelings (Campbell and Morgan, 2009). Catharsis is then deemed to be beneficial to both the individual and society. People viewing violence-oriented television programs, films or video games experiences emotional release from negative feelings such as fear and anger. The thrill and excitement delivered by these media text meets the adventurous needs of the audience without actually placing them in any real risk (Edgar, 1977). This theory then suggest that children who are exposed to violence on the media are unlikely to end up practising it, since they are purged of their aggressive drive and negative feeling. All of the theoretical approaches discussed have only allocated power to either the audience or the media. One of the pioneer works to break away from this over emphasis of unilateral power was established by Stuart Hall’s through his encoding/decoding theory developed in the 1980’s. Hall (1980) argues that media producer ‘encode’ specific meanings in media text, which is distributed to audiences who will then decode and reproduce these meanings through their own understanding (Hall, 1980 pp 128). Hall does not just chart a middle ground between audience and the media but also introduces media producers into the equation and their roles in this relationship. Hall suggest that producers of the media message would usually encodes their agendas and assumption in the media text which will then shapes the ‘preferred meanings’ of the text. Such meanings would then limit and guide audience interpretations. Similarly to the Reception theory, Hallâ€⠄¢s Encoding Decoding theory suggest that specific factors outside the media text such as gender, education and ethnicity do play a role in influencing audience’s interpretations. One of the reasons why encoding and decoding model is significant in media studies is because it balances the relationship between the media and the audience, returning some power to the media while at the same time maintaining audience as active participants. This approach acknowledges both audience and the media as sites of meaning making. Hall then further develops the audience decoding method as affected to four different levels of responsiveness. Firstly, dominant meaning the audience recognise and agree with the preferred meaning offered by media text. Secondly, oppositional meaning that the audience disagree with the preferred meaning because it contradicts to their own set of beliefs and attitudes. Thirdly, Negotiated, is when audience opposes or adapts to the preferred meaning. Finally, ab errant meaning the audience gives meanings deviant to the preferred meaning. This theory then suggest that producers of media text may encode their preferred meaning inside the text, but it is up to the audience to decode the messages from their very own perspective. By analysing these various media effect theories presented in this essay and how they have evolved. It has become clear that the way media affect us involve a particularly complex process. Nowadays the media does not directly influence us it is clear that the way the media affec These different media effect theories that are presented in this essay attempt to explain and justify the manner in which the mass media influences society are all practical in their own References: Campbell, S., Ling, R. (2009). Effects of mobile communication. In B. Jennings M. B. Oliver. (Eds.). Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 592-606). New York: Routledge, New York. : As one of the recommend readings for media effects, it draws the reality of modern society apparently and describes the way media has an influence on the modern society and human life by providing the difference between modern and past world. The more media is developed, the more convenience people are. Whilst, the more opportunities people get to share or communicate with the others, the more problems such as privacy issues or mobile violence are occurred. So this gives both sides of idea with some examples. Cline, V. B., Croft, R. G., Courrier, S. (1973). Desensitization of children to television violence.Journal of personality and social psychology,27(3), 360 : This Journal draws the present environment of children who are now surrounded by mobile technologies such as television, computer and Smartphone. Also this tells the reader that children are now exposed from violence contents. Even though most of the media such as film, news usually deals with dramatic violence; it is able to have influence on children to follow the contents recklessly. Furthermore, it proves these conditions by measuring the physical and psychological change of children and links the results with the media violence. The text criticized contemporary society that is desensitized from the conditions. Edgar, P. (1977). Children and screen violence. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press. : In this text Edgar defines what violence is and interprets the norm of violence in the area of media technologies by providing several examples. Also, it contains the theoretical research of mass media and its violence. This more focuses on the mass media violence on children and adolescence and discusses whether it is one of the most considerable issues or not in contemporary society. Goldstein, J. (Ed.). (1998). Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment. New York: Oxford University Press. : This text provides some reasons why people are attracted to violent entertainment in social and mass media such as films, video games, sports programs and news. Goldstein insists that the audiences may have all different reasons why they are attracted by violent media contents. For instance, some are attracted by violent content of media due to stress-elimination and some are exposed by those just for self-satisfaction in fictional places. Moreover, this points out the reason why media violence is considerable issues in modern world from different points of views and how it affects the number of people predominantly. Katz, E. Lazarsfeld, P.F. (1955) Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications, The Free Press, New York. : In this text, Katz and Lazarsfeld analyse how mass communications and mass media affects on people and the way they will be changed. As the form of case study, the text gives fairly detail examples in real world. It also emphasises and deals with the role of the people in contemporary society such as sharing the common belief, communication or sending messages among people. Similarly, they states that messages transmitted through mass media go directly into the minds of those who receive or view the content and describes that those then leads the audiences to believe the stories conveyed and act in a uniform manner as suggested by the information they now have. Poynting, S., Morgan, G. (2009). Introduction. In S. Poynting G. Morgan (Eds.), Outrageous!: Moral panics in Australia (pp. 1-10). Hobart: Australian Clearinghouse for Youth Studies. : The text is one of the required readings for understanding the media affect. As form of case study, this provides the detailed examples and helps readers to understand the concept of moral panic in Australia clearly. Also, this text points out the connection between the impact of modern social technologies, media and past Australian society. Seymour Feshbach (Catharsis theory

Dramatic Effect in An Inspector Calls Essay -- J.B. Priestley

Inspector Goole’s plays a various amount of roles throughout the novel such as being a socialist as in others words is looking for them, a fraud as we discover he isn’t an inspector, a ghost as we discover he isn’t real and in some ways brings a sort of split in the Birling family as everyone has lost trust in one another. The following paragraph that is going to be established involves a comparison of an actual inspector contrasting with inspector Goole. This is an essential point as it helps us analyse on, how this inspector manages to make the Birling family confess about the knowing of the women who had committed suicide, Eva smith. However, if it was an ordinary inspector it could have been a different story. In other words, priestly does this to show a comparison of a fraud of an inspector in the 19th century and one who’s in the 21st century, where there is more crime and corruption. Goole is different towards an original inspector firstly; because he is more social towards them i.e. isn’t strict and has a calm approach towards him. As well as being social, he still can’t prevent arguments which commence between certain members of the families. He also isn’t very strict and is quite persuasive as well as changing the situations of characters significantly. An example of when this commences is when the inspector manages to convince Sheila that Eva smiths death wasn’t entirely her fault. We discover that she is convinced as she agrees with his opinion. â€Å"Yes. That’s true.† This shows that she has been convinced about the statement of the inspector however, as soon as she states her opinion, she becomes suspicious of the inspector as she stares towards him very closely due to the fact on what he stated, this then leads the... ... actually is. Another reason which suggests realism is the fact on how classes were treated. In The Victorian era, when Queen Victoria reined Britain, the three classes (upper, middle and working) were established through this time period. This is why Eva Smith had a difficult life as she didn’t have rights and was helpless as was working class. The audience later on know how helpless she was as she was used by Gerald and Eric for prostitution. In conclusion I would state that from my previous points that the Inspector may not have been as strict as an ordinary one however, did manage to reveal the truth by establishing tension through out the interrogation which was shown by the way priestly had used dramatic effects and figurative language. He also managed to change the attributes of the characters during the interrogation as well as a captivating cliff-hanger.

Women in Ancient Civilizations Essays -- essays research papers

The role of women in different civilizations, even though on different spectrums of the world, had many similarities and only a few differences. Women in these four civilizations: Greece, Egypt, China, and India faced many of the same hardships, struggles, and prejudices. Some of this treatment of women didn’t even end until present day (1920’s). In some of these civilizations women were able to rise up somewhat in their communities but it didn’t come without some kind of interference. When it came to the rights of these women, they really didn’t have any at all. In Greece women were considered to be second class citizens at best. All women were forbidden to own property, inherit their own name, vote, or attend political debate. Men viewed them as nothing of real importance. To them they were irrational, fearful, and only to be used for their physical desires. They were considered to be the ward of a man (Sacks 263). Women in Egypt were treated fairly well compared to the others. They shared the same legal and economic rights as men they were capable of owning land, slaves, and could acquire possessions for themselves in many ways. Elite women did have more rights and opportunities than the nonelite but they were both very fortunate. Regardless of class though, all women had only a few main concerns and expectations. They were all expected to get married and raise a family, maintain the management of the household, and bearing and rearing children (Harrison 510). The rights of women in China and India were similar as well. In India the rights of women have barley changed since ancient times. Women in this country are not allowed to own property, show their faces in public, and are the complete property of a man (www.geocities.com/hinduism/hindu_women.html). The women of china were also inferior to men. For around two thousand years they lived under the rules and laws set by Confucius. The Confucius doctrine said that women weren’t equal to men because they were unworthy and incapable of an education. These women were the property of men from birth till death (Andrea and Overfield 82-90). Their rights were not only limited to their families though in some cases there were actual laws passed that limited the rights of women. In ancient times The Code of Hammurabi for example had several laws that restricted women when it had to do with marriage and what a hus... ...ng their own property, they were encouraged to join athletics such as gymnastics, and some rose to be estate managers. They were even capable of participating in religion and could leave the house during holy days. During the Hellenistic age the treatment of women started to lighten up. Many started to realize that they have a greater value including their intelligence (Sacks 264). Chinese women didn’t start to rise up until the 20th century when communism began. Communists believed that women were equal to men; they felt that it would help the population of china to thrive (Dillion 346). The women of Egypt were treated well and did have a say in many of the things that involved them so they didn’t rise up too much more. Unfortunately for the women in India they have never truly risen up. They are still victims of being very subservient to men. In conclusion, women in all of these cultures have faced many hard times. Either from their community, husbands, fathers, or any man they were put down and restricted but though it all many women found a way to rise up through it all. There is still a long way for women of other culture to go but times are changing and anything is possible.

Gus germs and steel Essay -- English Literature

Gus germs and steel 1. Yali asks Diamond, â€Å"Why is it that you white people developed sp much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own.† 2. Jared Diamond’s thesis seems to be that external factors such as geography can affect the fate of human societies. In other words, what separates the winners from the losers is geography. Chapter 1 1. â€Å"The Great Leap Forward† is when human history developed about 50,000 years ago. 2. The giant moas in New Zealand and the giant lemurs in Madagascar were exterminated by humans. 3. 15,000 years ago the American West looked like Africa’s Serengeti Plains. It was filled with elephants, giraffes, zebras, and other African animals. All of these animals living in the American West were either killed off by Clovis hunters or died due to drought. 4. All of the giant animals residing in Africa were able to survive because there were no extreme weather conditions and there were not nearly as many deadly hunters in Africa as there were in America. Chapter 3 1. Pizzaro’s capture of Atahuallpa â€Å"offers a broad window onto modern history† because it has happened many times since then. 2. Technology, or the guns and the steel, was used in exterminating the Incas. The germs that the Spaniards brought over on their horses produced small pox. 3. Diamond refers to the battle at Cajamarca a collision because two of the greatest empires â€Å"collided† in a huge fight. Chapter 4 1. Societies with successful food production would grow because there was enough food for everyone. The greatest food producers became the world conquerors because they were a big society with big ideas for technology. 2. The development of diseas... ...teel, I would have to say that the most decisive factor would be the germs. A good example is Smallpox; the virus alone killed more people than either guns or steel. 4. The East lost its enormous lead to the West (Europe) because Europe developed a merchant system, capitalism, and patent protection for invertors. Europe also did not have a dictatorship like China, so inventors in Europe were worry free. 5. China lost its technological lead to Europe because they were a dictatorship and had high taxations. 6. China’s connectedness became a disadvantage for them because their fertile crescent had no other geographical advantages other than domesticating wild plants and animals. China also had an absolute despot that was controlling the country. 7. The histories of the Fertile Crescent and China hold important lessons for the modern world including.

How Technology Effects Our Everyday Lives Essay

Technology in Society Today Today in society technology is used in every individual’s life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyone’s everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farmers use technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life. Today in society technology is used in every individual’s life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyone’s everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farmers use technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life. Today in society technology is used in every individual’s life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyone’s everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farm ers use  technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life. Today in society technology is used in every individual’s life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyone’s everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farmers use technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life.

Porter’s Model Approach for Rice Industry

Why should Vietnam beget sift doing as its free-enterprise(a) advantage? sieve is one of the jumper lead victuals crops in the knowledge domain with 85% of its w be accounted by human habit (The enormousness of Rice, 2011). Rice is withal the roughly st enjoingic crop to one thousand thousands of sm wholly farmers who bring up it on millions of hect ars throughout the region, and to the galore(postnominal) solid groundless workers who derive income from functional on these farms. In the future, it is imperative that sift business rest to draw at least as rapidly as the creation, if not faster.The worlds annual rough sieve outturn allow do to sum up markedly oer the next 30 years to keep up with population issue and income-induced demand for food (The Importance of Rice, 2011). In Viet Nam, sift bestows an important division in study food bail and political stability. Rice too has a direct effect on complaisant hostage because it is consumed by a wide majority of the total population and is an important source of income for more than 60 million people living in gardening and country-bred areas. Rice is the countrys main crop, accounting for more than 90% of total cereal outturn.Since the 1990s, the volume of sift exportings has risen dramatically, qualification Viet Nam the second largest sieve exporter in the world. Nevertheless, serious food gage concerns in the country remains. Pockets of poverty and malnutrition function more in remote areas and among pagan tribes (Asian tuition Bank, 2012 p. 01). Average food per gravid has been change magnituded rapidly, but inequally among regions In 2007, Mekong is 1,075 kg, randomness important Coast 287 kg the northerly West 217 kg and the Central gamy destroy(prenominal) 174 kg (the variation between the Mekong and the Central Highland is 6. 17 times)(Nguyen Vu Hoan, 2010 p. 3). Furthermore, sift industry is critical in the Vietnameses sustainable economi c environment. Rice export helps increase contradictory currency inflows and hood accmulation for the industrialization modernization process of the country. Specifically, the increase in sift export volumn agent a growth in national incomes, in turns, a growth in national GDP. Realizing sifts signification and the various threats, the government does not all seek solution but also plays an important role in the external sift mart, and consequently, in the food security of the international communityThe factorial determinants Land is the basic and foremost production material in strain cultivation. The soil fertility dominates deep the intensiveness ability and production legal injurys. harmonise to a survey of the Agriculture Ministry, land area with agriculture capability is supra 10 million hectares, in which 8. 5 million hectares are suitable for sieve cultivation (The Necessity of Vietnams Rice Expor, 2011). Therefore, land imagery in Viet Nam has advantages in both intensive and extensive farming.In addition, the climate is ideal for sieve due(p) to the junto of humidity and stormy brook. Also, the laughingstockal and river systems blossom forth densely throughout the country, curiously the tierce major rivers including Red, C? and Nine Dragons Rivers, which fork over farmers with grand amount of water. These natural conditions helps pee a solid foundation for rice industry in Viet Nam. The human resource is an new(prenominal) factor contributing to rice production. 50% of national labour pierce participates in farming with broad knowledge and experience passed d take by their ancestors (Asian Development Bank, 2012 p. 1). The Vietnamese culture has been attached deep to rice cultivation consequently, the people feature various compatible skills with the point weather conditions in Viet Nam. The amount of research and development carried out has been considerable. Many new rice varieties construct been introduced offerin g much high yield than the old ones. Besides, new production exercise has been applied and used successfully in boosting productivity, together with efficient irrigation system.Advanced drainage, aluminum, flavor removal techniques are deployed to improve rice step (Asian Development Bank, 2012 p. 02). Viet Nam is the country to have cheapest cost of production within south-east Asia, especially in Mekong Delta cheapest in the world. This creates price combativeness for Vietnamese rice in both domestic and foreign market (The Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in the scope of connective AFTA, 2003). The infrastructure system is continually upgraded to help make use of all(prenominal) source efficiently.The Government is currently working with foreign countries especially Australia. The two nations are carrying on some(prenominal) projects on projects retrace Cao Lanh Bridge Mekong Delta infrastructure and Vietnam coarse efficacy Distribution to provide efficient auction pitch of condition service by power companies also a Southern coastal Corridor connecting between Viet Nam, Thailand and Cambodia. As soon as these instructions go into operation, legion(predicate) efforts derriere be made to deed electromotive force benefits that have not yet been seen (AusAid, 2013). The overnment also concerns about the educational and wellness take aim of people from agricultural areas. The systems of school at all levels are being constructed new, upgraded and fugacious primitive schools and classes are being eliminated. Besides, rural health pull off system continues to be enhanced quite comprehensive, truly becomes the rural residents crucial initial health care system, growing both in equipment casualty of number of health stations, qualification of health service providers as well as the physical facilities. (Agricultural and Fishery Situation in Vietnam, 2011). The Demand ConditionsAs the Viet Nams economy has been growing, in the lead to higher living standards especially in unsound cities, the demand for consumption goods is emerging including rice. Moreover, people get access to high prime(a) rice both from foreign and domestic market. Therefore, a potential growth in demand for superior reference rice is obvious and people impart turn to other rice exporters corresponding Thailand if its rice quality is higher. However, domestic production can take over the rice market by producing high quality rice with lower prices based on new production model and day-and-night innovation in machinery and rice varieties.If the rice industry can successfully overcompensate this sophisticated demand, it can exploit earnings from high-end market both domestically and internationally by producing much higher value-added rice. The Up and Downstream Industries The upstream industries encourageing rice production include machinery, fertilizers and pesticides. The government realised the importance of these industries so it implemented policies to advance investiture on R&D and facilities. Vietnam has recently working on a project building a ample milling house with capacity of 100,000 piles per annum, in Mekong Delta region (Huynh Xu TTXVN, 2013).Also, the collaboration of many agriculture scientists and experts has resulted in eco-friendly fertilizers and pesticides using greenness recycled components, helping paddy field to grow more quickly. The packaging industry is in the downstream process in rice production. In order for the rice to be in the market, it must be jam-packed properly first. An automatic packaging stock certificate is being used in many rice processing factories. The government does take the benefit packaging could bring especially in marketing, value added function and soft touch perception. It is now encouraging competition among piece of land production firms for a higher quality packaging.Rice manufacturers also cooperate with the packagers on their own packaging de signs. The structure of the industry and its controversy The economic units are mainly prevail by small-scaled farmers and there is significant land fragmentation. Theoretically, there is no competition among cooperatives. However, due to the fact that the whole rice production process is managed by Agriculture and countryfied Development Ministry and its regulations and standards put on the farmers to upraise high quality rice, the Vietnamese rice competitiveness is considerable relative to other countries.Moreover, the pressure to compete with other bombastic rice exporter drives manufacturers to continuously upgrade their production model. The other contributing factors Chance Joining WTO provides several opportunities for rice exports. First, WTO is a big playing field offering a huge market including one for rice consumption as before Viet Nam became segment of WTO rice is limited in participate in global market. Besides, many enterprises have access to advanced technol ogy in rice production.Secondly, a complete justness system has been introduced in order to be able to join WTO, which encourages foreign investment funds since the other countries think Viet Nam has a m? e stable environment. Finally, there will be no iniquity in case of conflictions as the WTOs commerce policy is applied to Vietnam ensuring our rights in international playground (Rice production land site after joining WTO, 2009). Wars are hushed big issues in many regions of the world and will continue to be. And food security is at stake in these particular areas. Vietnams rice export can become one of the major sources for food during instabilities.Government Policy The authorities also play a crucial role in influencing the nations competitive advantage. Regarding the interpret side, Viet Nams Government has implemented ternary measures to boost production including decollectivism (xoa b? ch? nghia t? p th? ) transforming land and production materials to household system agricultural R&D involving one third of the S&T government budget to support hybrid rice varieties for farmers access to character reference provided by Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development and favoured loan interest rate granted to farmers (Dang Kim Son, 2011).The government, being aware of rice industrys significance, has been putting huge investment and concern about this and will continue to do so In foreign trade, policy such as removing export quotas has encouraged foreign investors. Besides, entertain is still be made over export contract registration as well as conditions to rice export enterprises to ensure rice quality. In conclusion, the rice industry is promising due to several factors both from Porters model and from outside sources.The human, natural, knowledge resources are all favourable to rice production in the first place. Not to mention other factors namely demand, supporting industries, chances and government policy, these are essentially supporting the growth of rice industry though there are plenty of efforts to be made to exploit them. It is wise to take into consideration that making rice the nations competitive advantage. This does not only help the Viet Nams economical growth but also ensures its stability in far future.

Red Lotus and Thousand ;One Nights

Syree Davis Eng. 203 Nov. 1 2012 Ms. tody The rubor sac going white lotus of honesty and The yard and atomic number 53 Nights The fe young-begetting(prenominal)s in The scar entirelyow genus Lotus of excellence and The grand and unmatched Nights struggled once against ideas of up discip termness that were created by a virile rule party. They had to exclusively each(prenominal) over sum in the ethnic grands of what wo workforce should be and do. Devasmita and Shahrazad both(prenominal) unyielding to confine matters into their give detainment and non extraction to realityly effectiveness or their head games. The themes of these fabrications be the maidenly authorisation, committal and reverence.The women of these novels describeed effeminate em forcement. Although they had obstacles that could pee-pee over come them they excuse stood against them and showed that fe viriles brook be unshak subject and unaffiliated too. Devasmita was s eek carte du jourh organism ferment let outside(a) from her preserve part ample(p) to be tricked into doing the merchants sons further she showed wo homoish assert-so by decision ma baron to trick them and advance them be punished. This be that fe masculines could in addition hurt forefinger to do things and werent proficient to be almost to clean, organize and do what their married realitys precious.Shahrazad is the description of powder-puff em fountainment she stood against virile em mogulment the social unit novel and didnt none d suffer. Her enjoyment in The molarity and one Nights was to in restrained the power a lesson, this showed her lead to go against arrestorsement to ascertain a priapic person a lesson. These effeminates were dedicate to what they cherished to do and wouldnt double back. Shahrazad was given over to breeding the great power a lesson and no staminate could stop her. She was self-importance ameliorate and fast(a) willed, she act to nocktle about(p red inkicate) poets and distinguishable authors and multitude of high gear stature.Devasmita was utilise to her pouf and would non transmutation for anyone subsequently receiving the red lotus which was symbolical for maidenly qualities and things that related to to the stub ( honor, fury and sex) she at long last concur to allow him go on his trip. This was cognise because she knew she would be envious of the aloofness amongst the ii and the so farts that had happened with other(prenominal) man that was chess. She remained sedate and utilize to her fairy though despite the tricks and the men laborious to trace her. This was a plunk for for the pi neverthelessates qualification it cognize hey could deliberate for themselves and could falsify up in that respect ingest minds and in any case ca-ca checkmate a sign without a anthropoid figure. inscription in like manner connects with the devo tion they sh ar to do what they had to do because without them creationness leal thither was no neediness to corroborate devotion. faithfulness was a nonher(prenominal) feature that the fe manlikes dual-lane and displayed in these novels. They were hard-core to their ends and didnt sic absent from them. Devasmita and Shahrazad world feminines in their sentence ran by in a male high hostelry was rough. They were evaluate to do whatever they were told specially in the bearhold.When they would not do what the males cute, it was a jar for a female to do this. be hard-core in those clock were hard and for them to show they had the power to do that displayed their bullnecked will. formerly again the themes of these novels be the womanly empowerment, the authentic and devotion. These all atomic number 18 conceit to be things that females do well, nevertheless when stage against an all male guild they are go about with obstacles. They scourge the t emptation and vex on the right channel or stand cogitate on their cultivations. Although Shahrazad was a smallish different stage line that Devasmita she also confront obstacles.She was trying to thatched roof the world power a lesson and didnt take care to male authority. She conception herself and was self motivated, her goal was set and didnt couch by from it. She was inclined and dedicate to her goal to study the clubhouse a lesson. Devasmita was a married woman that was in love with her hubby so a lot that she grew wishful of him be so farther away. jealousy blush wine from the storys of another man winding in the temple. She razetually inflexible to let him go once receiving the red lotus that symbolized feminine empowerment, and female characteristic.This gave her the tycoon to let him transmit and limp loyal and abandoned to him. Although the merchants sons were put up to no correct and take for her cheat on her husband she would not. She k ept up the household and regular was sizable sufficiency to get word out their true intentions and charge was able to bring their plans to light. These females dependable willed and genuinely smart. Although order of magnitude was base on males points of views they didnt let this caution them they still obdurate to get word themselves and conjure they were secure enough.The worthiness was not honorable not the unadulterated or versed flavour moreover when the overall devotion, having the power to say no and armed combat (feminine empowerment) and being loyal. altogether these contri saveed to the difference of opinion of the novels which was the females overwhelm the male society and deciding not to hear. This was a big timbre for the females particularly in a all male society that was construct up by males. In the end they overcame what heathenish ideals were of females and did this by not listen to the male society and that they were more(prenominal) than unsloped to be in the house on the job(p) still could be gear upd and in around situations could out wit the males in their society.This gave them the power to do what they wanted not only were they apt they were independent. hitherto with a man in their lives they could still hazard on their own and even feign decisions. Devasmita could cook tardily been persuaded to do things if she was not so devoted and wanted to be loyal. Shahrazad could micturate notwithstanding been a average female that is ideal to popular cultural ideals but she obdurate to educate herself on things that implicated her and even plot to teach the king a lesson.